Community

The Integrity and Data Encryption (IDE) was published in PCIe (Peripheral Component Interconnect Express) version 6.0, and it was created as a tool to protect the communication between the different devices of the PCIe topology root complex (RC), switch (SW), and endpoint (EP). The IDE layer is a new layer that was inserted between the transection layer and data link layer with the goal of protecting against threats from…

In PCI Express (PCIe) devices, there is a need for testing near-worst-case inter-symbol interference (ISI) and cross-talk so as to ensure data flow with minimal distortion and noise. To accommodate this in PCIe, we have a separate LTSSM state as polling.compliance state. This phase will generate patterns named compliance pattern, modified compliance pattern, jitter pattern, and toggle pattern (a new feature added in PCIe…

Handheld devices have evolved immensely over the past decade. Today's smartphones, with their intricate arrays of sensors and computational power, far surpass their predecessors in complexity. These modern devices rival the capabilities of past supercomputers. When you factor in the intricate power management demanded by battery constraints, verifying these devices becomes a uniquely challenging task.

Figure 1: The…

Our previous posts in this series covered measuring parameters, switches, and profiling, as well as performing profile analysis. In this final post will examine how to analyze a basic profiler report. This includes examining the stream count, identifying the most active modules, and reviewing the summary section. Additionally, we will discuss techniques for optimizing settings and managing access levels.