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SystemVerilog constraint randomization is a powerful methodology for generating realistic and diverse test scenarios in the realm of hardware design verification. However, like any complex methodology, it can sometimes be challenging to debug when an unexpected issue arises. In this article, we will explore common debug techniques and strategies to help you effectively troubleshoot your SystemVerilog constraint…

Address Translation Services (ATS) is a mechanism in PCIe that allows devices to request address translations from the Input/Output Memory Management Unit (IOMMU). This is particularly important where devices need to access virtual memory. ATS enhances performance by enabling devices to cache translations, reducing the latency associated with memory access. This blog delves into the semantics of ATS request-completion…

Companies are under extreme pressure to get new products to market faster, ahead of the competition and without issues. To do so, design teams need to shorten their design and manufacturing cycles. But how do you achieve that?

What would happen if you changed from the traditional design methodology of ECAD and MCAD groups working independently and then hoping the final product can be assembled without issues? What options…

Have you ever wanted to write a DRC rule deck to check for space or width constraints on polygons? Or have you wondered how the multiple lines of an LVS rule deck extract and conduct a comparison between the schematic and layout? Maybe you've been curious about the role of rule deck writers in creating high-quality designs ready for tape-out.

If any of these questions interest you, there is good news: the latest…

PCIe technology has evolved over three decades, marking its 30th anniversary with the unveiling of PCIe 7.0. This latest standard doubles IO bandwidth to 128GT/s, emphasizing low latency and high reliability while maintaining compatibility with previous generations. Key features on the physical layer include the adoption of PAM4 signaling, 1b/1b encoding, and a robust Forward Error Correction…